![]() However, studies have shown a relation between personality traits and both hedonic well-being ( Gutiérrez et al., 2005 James et al., 2012) and EWB ( Lavigne et al., 2013 Işık and Üzbe, 2015). In studies on individual characteristics in relation to well-being, intelligence has been theoretically hypothesized as playing a role ( Sternberg and Grigorenko, 2004), yet no relation has been found between measures of intelligence and well-being ( Sigelman, 1981 Watten et al., 1995 Wirthwein and Rost, 2011). From a positive youth development perspective (PYD Lerner et al., 2005), adolescents’ resources can be seen as resilience that promotes positive adaptation thereby enhancing well-being ( Catalano et al., 2004 Lee et al., 2012). Well-being in adolescence is accordingly extensively studied in the literature ( Froh et al., 2009 Schlechter and Milevsky, 2010 Almquist et al., 2013). Adolescence is a critical developmental period with implications for the well-being of the individual ( Call et al., 2002). Primary prevention focuses on positive youth development ( Lerner et al., 2005), emphasizing the importance of promoting personal resources so that young people can participate productively in society ( Lerner, 2001 Kenny et al., 2014). Prevention psychologists study the phenomenon of low individual well-being and particularly the early identification of individual factors that foster well-being ( Di Fabio, 2006 Hage et al., 2007 Di Fabio and Bernaud, 2008). ![]() Largely because of the instability and economic turmoil that characterizes life in the 21st century, the well-being of individuals is under threat ( Di Fabio et al., in press). More specifically, it can be considered psychological well-being (PWB, Ryff and Singer, 2008), also known as EWB, ( Waterman et al., 2010), with the focus on resources and strengths and on life meaning, authenticity, and purposefulness ( Waterman et al., 2010). The eudaimonic approach, on the other hand, relates to meaning, and self-realization where well-being is seen as the full functioning of the person ( Ryan and Deci, 2001). It can be seen as subjective well-being (SWB, Kahneman et al., 1999) consisting of a cognitive component of evaluation in terms of life satisfaction and an affective component characterized by the prevalence of positive emotions rather than negative emotions. The hedonic approach focuses on happiness, defining well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance ( Kahneman et al., 1999). In examining well-being, it distinguishes between hedonic well-being ( Kahneman et al., 1999) and eudaimonic well-being (EWB Ryan and Deci, 2001 Ryff and Singer, 2008 Waterman et al., 2010). Positive psychology ( Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2000 Seligman, 2002 Vázquez et al., 2006 Delle Fave, 2014) involves resource promotion and the study of well-being, happiness, and mental health. The preventive perspective is more effective when efforts to reduce risks are combined with efforts to increase resources ( Hage et al., 2007 Kenny and Hage, 2009) aimed at building individual strengths ( Steinmayr et al., 2011 Di Fabio and Kenny, 2012a, b, 2015 Di Fabio et al., 2012, in press Di Fabio, 2014b Di Fabio and Saklofske, 2014 Schwinger et al., 2014 Christiansen et al., 2015). Preventive programs focus on reducing risk factors and increasing protective factors that can decrease the probability of negative outcomes ( Hage et al., 2007 Kenny and Hage, 2009). These results underline the value of resilience in both hedonic and EWB, thus offering new perspectives for research and intervention.Īmerican Psychological Association (APA) guidelines ( Hage et al., 2007) indicate the importance of a preventive perspective in psychological health and well-being. ![]() The results showed that resilience added a significant percentage of incremental variance with respect to fluid intelligence and personality traits in relation to life satisfaction, positive affect, life meaning, and authenticity. ![]() The Advanced Progressive Matrices, the Big Five Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Meaningful Life Measure, the Authenticity Scale were administered to the participants in the study. The present study set out to analyze the role of fluid intelligence, personality traits, and resilience in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being (EWB) in order to determine the incremental validity of resilience with respect to fluid intelligence and personality traits in 168 Italian high school students. Resilience is a key factor in the well-being of individuals. Department of Education and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.Annamaria Di Fabio * and Letizia Palazzeschi
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